Escala da dor: implantacao para pacientes em pos-operatorio imediato de cirurgia cardiaca / Escala de dolor: implantacion para pacientes inmediatamente despues de la cirugia cardiaca / Pain scale: implementation for patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery

Estudo de intervenção em serviço desenvolvido em um hospital especializado em cardiologia de Porto Alegre, RS, com o objetivo de avaliar a implementação da escala de dor para pacientes de pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Foi desenvolvido em quatro etapas: pré-teste sobre dor, treinamento com aula expositiva para a equipe de enfermagem, reaplicação do pré-teste em 30 e 60 dias. O teste continha dez questões com peso um para cada questão. Escores ≥7 foram determinantes para considerar o conhecimento satisfatório para uso da escala de dor. A amostra foi constituída por 57 profissionais de enfermagem. Os escores variaram de 6,12 ± 1,65 no pré-teste para 7,73 ± 1,05 e 8,18 ± 0,99 após 30 e 60 dias, respectivamente (p<0,005). A intensidade da dor foi correlacionada à medicação padronizada pelo protocolo. O conhecimento da equipe melhorou após a capacitação, assim como o tipo de analgesia administrada em relação à intensidade da dor.

Estudio de intervenciónrealizada en hospitalespecializado en cardiología,Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, para evaluarla aplicación de escala de doloren pacientessometidos a cirugía cardíaca. Se ha hecho en cuatro etapas:pre-test sobre dolor, formación de conferencias para el personal de enfermería, una nueva aplicación del pre-testde treinta y sesenta días. La prueba contiene diez preguntas valiendo un punto cada. Aciertos con una puntuación ≥7 seconsideraran crucial para conocimiento adecuado para la escala de usodel dolor. Muestra estuvo conformada por 57enfermeras. La puntuación de 30 y 60 días osciló entre 6,12 ± 1,65 a 7,73 ± 1,05 y 8,18 ± 0,99, respectivamente (p<0,005). La intensidad del dolorse correlacionó con elmedicamento por víaprotocolo estandarizado.Un mejor conocimientodel equipodespués de capacitación, así como tipo de analgesiaadministrada en relación con intensidad del dolor.

A clinical intervention study was developed in a hospital specialized in cardiology in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the implementation of the pain scale in post-operative cardiac surgery patients. It was developed in four steps: pre-test on pain, training lecture for nursing staff, and, reapplication of the pre-test at 30 and 60 days. The test consisted of ten questions weighing one point each. Scores ≥7 were determined to represent satisfactory knowledge in using the pain scale. The sample consisted of 57 nursing professionals. The scores ranged from 6.12 ± 1.65 in the pre-test to 7.73 ± 1.05 and 8.18 ± 0.99 after 30 and 60 days, respectively (p<0.005). Pain intensity was correlated to medication standardized by protocol. The training improved the knowledge of the team and the type of analgesia administered in relation to pain intensity.

Comparison of self-care behaviors of heart failure patients in 15 countries worldwide.

OBJECTIVE: Clinicians worldwide seek to educate and support heart failure patients to engage in self-care. We aimed to describe self-care behaviors of patients from 15 countries across three continents. METHODS: Data on self-care were pooled from 5964 heart failure patients from the United States, Europe, Australasia and South America. Data on self-care were collected with the Self-care of Heart Failure Index or the European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale. RESULTS: In all the samples, most patients reported taking their medications as prescribed but exercise and weight monitoring were low. In 14 of the 22 samples, more than 50% of the patients reported low exercise levels. In 16 samples, less than half of the patients weighed themselves regularly, with large differences among the countries. Self-care with regard to receiving an annual flu shot and following a low sodium diet varied most across the countries. CONCLUSION: Self-care behaviors are sub-optimal in heart failure patients and need to be improved worldwide. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Interventions that focus on specific self-care behaviors may be more effective than general educational programs. Changes in some health care systems and national policies are needed to support patients with heart failure to increase their self-care behavior.

Home visit improves knowledge, self-care and adhesion in heart failure: Randomized Clinical Trial HELEN-I.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of an educative nursing intervention composed of home visits and phone calls on patients' knowledge about the disease, self-care and adhesion to the treatment. METHODS: Randomized clinical trial with patients with recent hospitalization caused by decompensated heart failure. There were two groups: the intervention group, which has received four home visits and four phone calls to reinforce the guidelines during six months of follow up; and the control group, which has received conventional follow up with no visits or phone calls. RESULTS: Two hundred patients were randomized (101 in the intervention group and 99 in the control group). After six months, a significant improvement was observed in self-care and knowledge about the disease in the intervention group (P=0.001 and P<0.001), respectively; the adhesion to the treatment, measured and compared between the groups, was significantly higher in the intervention group (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: the strategy of home visits to patients who were recently hospitalized with decompensated heart failure was effective in improving the outcomes assessed and its implementation deserves to be considered in Brazil aiming at avoiding unplanned hospitalizations. NCT-01213862.

Home visit improves knowledge, self-care and adhesion in heart failure: randomized Clinical Trial HELEN-I / Visita domiciliar melhora conhecimento, autocuidado e adesão na insuficiência cardíaca: ensaio clínico randomizado HELEN-I / Visita domiciliar mejora conocimiento, auto cuidado, adhesión en la insuficiencia cardíaca: Ensayo Clínico Aleatorizado HELEN - I

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of an educative nursing intervention composed of home visits and phone calls on patients' knowledge about the disease, self-care and adhesion to the treatment. METHODS: Randomized clinical trial with patients with recent hospitalization caused by decompensated heart failure. There were two groups: the intervention group, which has received four home visits and four phone calls to reinforce the guidelines during six months of follow up; and the control group, which has received conventional follow up with no visits or phone calls. RESULTS: Two hundred patients were randomized (101 in the intervention group and 99 in the control group). After six months, a significant improvement was observed in self-care and knowledge about the disease in the intervention group (P=0.001 and P<0.001), respectively; the adhesion to the treatment, measured and compared between the groups, was significantly higher in the intervention group (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: the strategy of home visits to patients who were recently hospitalized with decompensated heart failure was effective in improving the outcomes assessed and its implementation deserves to be considered in Brazil aiming at avoiding unplanned hospitalizations. NCT-01213862.

OBJETIVO: verificar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa de enfermagem combinada, caracterizada por visita domiciliar e contato telefônico, em pacientes com internação recente por insuficiência cardíaca descompensada, no conhecimento da doença, nas habilidades para o autocuidado e na adesão ao tratamento, comparado ao acompanhamento convencional de pacientes no período de seis meses. MÉTODOS: nsaio línico randomizado com pacientes que tiveram internação recente por insuficiência cardíaca descompensada. O grupo-intervenção recebeu quatro visitas domiciliares e quatro contatos telefônicos para reforço das orientações, em seis meses de acompanhamento; o grupo-controle recebeu acompanhamento convencional sem visitas e sem contatos telefônicos. RESULTADOS: duzentos pacientes foram randomizados (101: intervenção e 99: controle). Após seis meses, observou-se melhora significativa no conhecimento e autocuidado para o grupo-intervenção (p=0,001 e p<0,001), respectivamente; a adesão ao tratamento, aferida no final entre os grupos, foi significativamente maior no grupo-intervenção (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: a estratégia de visita domiciliar para pacientes que se internaram recentemente por insuficiência cardíaca descompensada foi efetiva na melhora dos desfechos avaliados, e sua implementação merece ser considerada no Brasil, visando-se evitar internações não planejadas. NCT-01213862.

OBJETIVO: Verificar el efecto de una intervención educativa de enfermería combinada de visita domiciliaria y contacto telefónico en pacientes con internación reciente por insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada, en el conocimiento de la enfermedad, las habilidades para el autocuidado y la adhesión al tratamiento comparado con el acompañamiento convencional de pacientes en el período de seis meses. MÉTODOS: Ensayo Clínico Aleatorizado en pacientes que fueron ingresados recientemente por insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada. El grupo intervención recibió cuatro visitas domiciliarias y cuatro contactos telefónicos para reforzar las orientaciones en seis meses de acompañamiento; el grupo control recibió acompañamiento convencional sin visitas y sin contactos telefónicos. RESULTADOS: Fueron aleatorizados doscientos pacientes (101: intervención y 99: control). Tras seis meses, se observó una mejoría significativa en el conocimiento y el autocuidado para el grupo intervención (P=0,001 y P<0,001), respectivamente; la adhesión al tratamiento, comparada al final entre los grupos, fue significativamente mayor en el grupo intervención (P<0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: La estrategia de visita domiciliaria para pacientes internados recientemente por insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada fue efectiva en la mejora de los desenlaces evaluados y su implementación merece ser considerada en Brasil con objeto de evitar internaciones no planificadas. NCT-01213862.

[Pain scale: implementation for patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery]. / Escala da dor: implantação para pacientes em pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca.

A clinical intervention study was developed in a hospital specialized in cardiology in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the implementation of the pain scale in post-operative cardiac surgery patients. It was developed in four steps: pre-test on pain, training lecture for nursing staff, and, reapplication of the pre-test at 30 and 60 days. The test consisted of ten questions weighing one point each. Scores > or =7 were determined to represent satisfactory knowledge in using the pain scale. The sample consisted of 57 nursing professionals. The scores ranged from 6.12 +/- 1.65 in the pre-test to 7.73 +/- 1.05 and 8.18 +/- 0.99 after 30 and 60 days, respectively (p<0.005). Pain intensity was correlated to medication standardized by protocol. The training improved the knowledge of the team and the type of analgesia administered in relation to pain intensity.

Clinical validation of the nursing diagnoses of Impaired Tissue Integrity and Impaired Skin Integrity in patients subjected to cardiac catheterization.

AIM: To validate, clinically, the defining characteristics for the nursing diagnoses of Impaired Tissue Integrity and Impaired Skin Integrity in patients subjected to heart catheterization and to validate acute pain, haematoma, bleeding, redness, and heat as additional characteristics. BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, an applicable nursing diagnosis for patients subjected to diagnostic heart catheterization has not been well-defined. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHODS: This clinical validation study using Fehring's model was performed at a Brazilian general hospital between November 2009-November 2010. This study included 250 patients who received elective femoral artery catheterization. Each patient was identified as having two characteristics of Impaired Tissue Integrity and three characteristics of Impaired Skin Integrity, according to NANDA-I nursing diagnoses. Due to certain postprocedure events, five additional characteristics were added to be validated in this setting. In addition to Fehring's reliability rating, the kappa coefficient was used to evaluate inter-rater agreement during the clinical evaluation. RESULTS: The defining characteristic of damaged tissue was validated for Impaired Tissue Integrity and the defining characteristics of the invasion of body structures and the disruption of the skin surface were validated for Impaired Skin Integrity. Although the five characteristics that were added to the investigated diagnoses were not validated because of their low rate of occurrence in this setting, the measurements of acute pain, haematoma, bleeding, redness, and heat each had excellent inter-rater agreement. CONCLUSION: The validation of characteristics from both of these diagnoses suggested that these criteria could be utilized for clinical practice in a diagnostic setting. Moreover, additional characteristics should also be observed to better guide nursing intervention.

Carga de trabalho de enfermagem em unidade de recuperação pós-anestésica / Nursing workload in the post-anesthesia care unit

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a carga de trabalho de enfermagem em unidade de recuperação pós-anestésica e relacionar com o índice de gravidade cirúrgico, tempo de permanência, porte cirúrgico e idade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal conduzido em hospital universitário. A carga de trabalho foi avaliada pelo Nursing Activities Score e o índice de gravidade pelo Simplified Acute Physiology Score II aplicados na alta da unidade de recuperação. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 160 pacientes, idade média 57±15 anos. A carga de trabalho para 50% dos pacientes foi de 45,6 minutos a cada hora de permanência na unidade. Não houve relação entre carga de trabalho e índice de gravidade. Contudo, houve correlações positivas entre carga de trabalho, tempo de permanência e porte cirúrgico. O índice de gravidade apresentou correlação com a idade. CONCLUSÃO: A carga de trabalho de enfermagem em unidade de recuperação pós-anestésica sofre influência do tempo de permanência e do porte cirúrgico.

OBJECTIVES: To assess nursing workload in the post-anesthesia care unit and its potential correlations with a surgical severity index, length of stay, magnitude of surgery, and patient age. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted at a university hospital. Workload was assessed by the Nursing Activities Score, and severity of illness, by the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II. Both were assessed at the time of discharge from the unit. RESULTS: The study sample comprised 160 patients (mean age, 57 ± 15 years). The median nursing workload was 45.6 minutes per hour, i.e. 50% of patients required 45.6 minutes of nursing care per hour spent in the post-anesthesia care unit. There was no association between workload and severity index. However, there were positive correlations among workload, length of stay, and magnitude of surgery. The severity of illness was correlated with age. CONCLUSION: Nursing workload in the post-anesthesia care unit is influenced by length of stay and magnitude of surgery.

The knowledge of patients with heart failure in the homecare context: an experimental study

Aim: To assess the knowledge about the disease and their self-care of patients with heart failure (IC) before and after monitoring nursing care at home. Methods: A before and after experimental study was performed with patients who were hospitalized for IC decompensation. Two home visits (VD) were undertaken after hospital discharge by specialist nurses at an interval of 30 days. 14 question quiz testing knowledge of heart disease and self-care, validated for use in Brazil, was used. The educational intervention was based on guidelines about IC. It was considered that an appropriate level of knowledge existed in those patients who had at least 70% correct on the quiz. Results: 41 patients were included, 21 (51.2%) of whom were men. The whole group had an average age of 64 ± 13.7 years. The correct answer scores were 64% in VD1 and 70.9% in VD2 (P = 0.020). Discussion: Nursing interventions benefit patients by improving their knowledge. Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in terms of knowledge of heart disease and self-care after the homecare interventions.

Quality of life of patients with implanted cardiac devices: a transversal study

Objective: Evaluate the quality of life (QL) of patients with implanted cardiac devices and describe the recognition of electromagnetic sources, and symptoms, in the event of failure of the device. Methods: This is a transversal study that used the SF-36 questionnaire and an instrument developed to observe other variables. Results: The research included 56 patients, 58±13 years of age, predominantly male. In relation to QL, scores were: functional capacity = 58±26; pain = 65±32; vitality = 58±26; social aspects = 72±31; mental health = 69±26; physical aspects = 12.5(0-50); emotional aspects = 33(0-100); general health status = 49±25. The majority of the patients (91%) know that the device could suffer from interference. Conclusions: The sample of this study showed low QL scores in physical and emotional aspects, and in general health status. Besides that, patients were aware that the devices could suffer from magnetic interference, but they could not name the main sources of that interference.

Home visits in cases of heart failure: reflection in the light of Leininger’s theory

Aim: To exercise the theoretical-reflexive thought based on Leininger's cultural care diversity and universality theory in the context of home visits for heart failure (HF) patients. Methods: this is a reflection of the Sunrise-based model. In this study the first level of the model was used, whereas the concrete individual, was handicapped by HF, in the home scenario. Results: the process of dealing with a disease is influenced by socioeconomic and cultural factors. Leininger refers to values, beliefs, norms and ways of life that are learned, made and transmitted by a particular group. These guide decisions, actions and standards of care. Discussion: In home visits, the nurse should consider the individuals and the families involved in the process. They should make use of culturally congruent care and should avoid introducing practices which overpower the participants. Conclusion: home visits provide a broad overview about the living conditions of the individual and family care and may be oriented in terms of the theory of cultural diversity and universality.

Consenso de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem para pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca em domicílio / Consenso de diagnósticos y resultados y las intervenciones de enfermería para pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca en cuidado en el hogar / Consensus on nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes for home care of patients with heart failure

Estudo de consenso realizado entre seis enfermeiras especialistas da área de cardiologia, com o objetivo de selecionar diagnósticos, intervenções e resultados de enfermagem descritos pela NANDA Internacional (NANDA-I), Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), para pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca em cuidado domiciliar. Inicialmente, foram pré-selecionados oito diagnósticos de enfermagem, conforme a NANDA-I e, a partir deles, realizado um consenso, em três etapas, para a seleção das intervenções/atividades NIC e os resultados/indicadores NOC. Consideraram-se selecionados os que obtiveram entre 70% e 100% de consenso. Os resultados apontaram seis diagnósticos de enfermagem selecionados, 11 intervenções de um total de 96 e sete resultados de um total de 71. O consenso entre os enfermeiros especialistas permitiu identificar e selecionar diagnósticos, intervenções e resultados de enfermagem para aplicação na prática clínica, com vistas a subsidiar o processo de cuidado e o conhecimento das taxonomias de enfermagem.

Estudio de consenso alcanzado por seis enfermeras expertas en cardiología con el objetivo de seleccionar diagnóstico, intervenciones y resultados de enfermería descrito por NANDA Internacional (NANDA-I), Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería (NOC), Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería (NIC), para el cuidado de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) en casa. Se trata de un estudio por consenso entre seis enfermeras expertas en cardiología. Fueron preseleccionados ochos diagnósticos de enfermería según NANDA-I y se logró un consenso en tres etapas, que seleccionaron las intervenciones/actividades NIC y resultados/indicadores NOC, considerando seleccionados los que obtuvieron del 70% al 100% de consenso. Los resultados indicaron seis diagnósticos de enfermería seleccionados, 11 intervenciones del total de 96 y siete resultados del total de 71. El consenso entre las enfermeras expertas para identificar y seleccionar los diagnósticos, intervenciones y resultados de enfermería para la aplicación en la práctica clínica, con el fin de apoyar el proceso de cuidado y conocimiento de las taxonomías de enfermería.

This was a consensus study with six cardiology nurses with the objective of selecting nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions described by NANDA International (NANDA-I), Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), for home care of patients with heart failure (HF). Eight nursing diagnoses (NDs) were pre-selected and a consensus was achieved in three stages, during which interventions/activities and outcomes/indicators of each NDs were validated, and those considered valid obtained 70% to 100% consensus. From the eight pre-selected NDs, two were excluded due to the lack of consensus on appropriate interventions for the clinical home care scenario. Eleven interventions were selected from a total of 96 pre-selected ones and seven outcomes were validated out of 71. The practice of consensus among expert nurses provides assistance to the qualifications of the care process and deepens the knowledge about the use of taxonomies in nursing clinical practice.

Gatilho da dor em pacientes com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda / Trigger points for pain in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Objetivo: identificar o gatilho da dor em pacientes com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA) admitidos em dois hospitais do sul do Brasil e verificar a frequência do reconhecimento da dor como um evento cardíaco. Método: estudo transversal utilizando banco de dados secundário e amostra de 105 pacientes. Resultados: identificou-se que 47 (45%) apresentaram os sintomas em repouso; 20 (19%) acordaram com dor; 19 (18%) praticavam exercício físico; 10 (9,5%) encontravam-se em alguma situação de estresse; e nove (9%) em outra atividade. Nenhum dos entrevistados referiu atividade sexual como gatilho; 67 (64%) dos pacientes relacionaram os sintomas a um evento cardíaco. Considerações finais: a ocorrência de dor em pacientes com SCA foi predominantemente em repouso. Mesmo a amostra relacionando a ocorrência de dor como sendo um evento cardíaco, ainda existe a necessidade de atuação da enfermagem quanto à educação em saúde visando à chegada antecipada aos serviços de emergência.

Objective: To identify the trigger points for pain in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) admitted to two hospitals in southern Brazil and to verify the recognition frequency of pain as a cardiac event. Methods: Cross sectional study using secondary database and a 105 patients sample. Results: From the sample, 47 (45%) patients had symptoms at rest; 20 (19%) woke up in pain; 19 (18%) did practice physical exercises; 10 (9.5%) were under stress situations; and 9 (9%) were performing another activity. None of the patients reported sexual activity as a trigger for pain; 67 (64%) related the symptoms to the cardiac event. Conclusion: Pain in patients with ACS o ccurred in patients at rest. Although the sample reported pain as a cardiac event, there is still a lack of nursing assistance related to health education aimed at early arrivals to the emergency services.

Objetivo: identificar el disparador de dolor en pacientes con Síndrome Coronaria Aguda (SCA), recibidos en dos hospitales del sur de Brasil y percibir la frecuencia de reconocimiento de dolor como una eventualidad cardíaca. Método: estudio transversal utilizando banco de datos secundario y muestra de 105 pacientes. Resultados: se identificó que 47 (45%) presentaron síntomas en reposo; 20 (19%) despertaron con dolor; 19 (18%) practicaban ejercicio físico; 10 (9,5%) estaban en situación de estrés; y 9 (9%) otra actividad. Ninguno de los entrevistados refirió actividad sexual como disparador; 67 (64%) de los pacientes relacionaron los síntomas a eventualidad cardiaca. Consideraciones finales: la ocurrencia de dolor en pacientes con SCA fue predominantemente en reposo. Mismo la muestra relacionando la ocurrencia de dolor como eventualidad cardiaca, existe la necesidad de actuación de enfermería sobre educación en salud anticipándose a los servicios de emergencia.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale for Brazilian Portuguese.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale. METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation (translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, and pretesting) and validation (assessment of face validity, content validity, and internal consistency reliability) were carried out in accordance with the literature. The European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale assesses key components of self-care: recognition of the signs and symptoms of decompensated heart failure (HF) and decision-making when these signs and symptoms arise. It comprises 12 items (range 12-60, where lower scores indicate better self-care). RESULTS: The sample comprised 124 HF patients with a mean age of 62.3 ± 12 years. The Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency was 0.70 and the intraclass correlation coefficient for reproducibility was 0.87. CONCLUSION: Face and content validity, internal consistency and reproducibility have lended validity and reliability for the use of the instrument in Brazil.

A clinical validation study of impaired physical mobility of patients submitted to cardiac catheterization.

PURPOSE: To conduct a Fehring model-based clinical validation of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis of impaired physical mobility in a sample of 250 patients. METHOD: Cross-sectional study. FINDINGS: Three of the 11 NANDA-International defining characteristics assessed in this study were validated: limited range of motion, limited ability to perform gross motor skills, and difficulty turning. Although discomfort was not validated due to the rarity of occurrence, there was excellent interrater agreement as to its relevance (kappa coefficient). CONCLUSIONS: In this setting, three characteristics were validated. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Validation studies are important for advancing evidence-based practice.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes (Q-DIO) instrument into Brazilian Portuguese.

PURPOSE: To describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes instrument into Brazilian Portuguese. METHOD: This process entailed translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, and pretesting. FINDINGS: Six items were altered in the Brazilian version, and the scoring system was changed from a five-point to a three-point Likert-type scale. Pretesting was conducted on a sample of 40 randomly selected nursing records. Overall reliability as measured by Cronbach's alpha was 0.96. CONCLUSIONS: Adaptation resulted in a preliminary version of the instrument. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Assessment of the psychometric properties of the instrument in a larger sample of nursing records is required, and such a study is underway.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale for Brazilian Portuguese / Adaptação transcultural e validação da European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale para o português do Brasil / Adaptación transcultural y validación de la European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale para el Portugués de Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale. METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation (translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, and pretesting) and validation (assessment of face validity, content validity, and internal consistency reliability) were carried out in accordance with the literature. The European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale assesses key components of self-care: recognition of the signs and symptoms of decompensated heart failure (HF) and decision-making when these signs and symptoms arise. It comprises 12 items (range 12-60, where lower scores indicate better self-care). RESULTS: The sample comprised 124 HF patients with a mean age of 62.3 ± 12 years. The Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency was 0.70 and the intraclass correlation coefficient for reproducibility was 0.87. CONCLUSION: Face and content validity, internal consistency and reproducibility have lended validity and reliability for the use of the instrument in Brazil.

OBJETIVO: adaptar e validar a European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale para uso na língua portuguesa do Brasil. MÉTODOS: o processo de adaptação cultural (tradução, síntese, retrotradução, revisão por comitê de especialistas e pré-teste) e validação (validade de face, de conteúdo e fidedignidade) foi realizado de acordo com a literatura. A European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale avalia os componentes-chave para o autocuidado: reconhecimento dos sinais e sintomas de descompensação da insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e a tomada de decisão na ocorrência desses sintomas. É composta por 12 questões (variando de 12-60, baixos escores indicam melhor autocuidado). RESULTADOS: foram incluídos 124 pacientes com IC com idade de 62,3±12 anos. A consistência interna das questões apresentou um alfa de Cronbach de 0,70 e a reprodutibilidade avaliada pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foi de 0,87. CONCLUSÃO: a validade de face, de conteúdo, a consistência interna e a reprodutibilidade conferiram validade e fidedignidade ao instrumento para uso no Brasil.

OBJETIVO: Adaptar y validar European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale para uso en lengua portuguesa de Brasil. MÉTODOS: El proceso de adaptación cultural (traducción, síntesis, retro traducción, revisión por comité de expertos y pré test), validación (validez de facie, de contenido y confiabilidad) fue realizado según la literatura. La European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale evalúa los componentes-clave para el auto cuidado: reconocimiento de señales y síntomas de descompensación de insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) y la decisión cuando ocurren dichos síntomas. Se compone de 12 cuestiones (que van desde 12-60, en donde las puntuaciones bajas indican peor autocuidado). RESULTADOS: Fueron inclusos 124 pacientes con IC, con edad entre 62,3 ±12 años. La consistencia interna de las cuestiones presentó un Alfa de Cronbach de 0,70 y la reproducibilidad evaluada por el coeficiente de correlación. CONCLUSIÓN: La validad de fase, de contenido, la consistencia interna y la reproducibilidad concedieron validad y confiabilidad al instrumento para uso en Brasil.

Definições conceituais e operacionais das características definidoras do diagnóstico de enfermagem débito cardíaco diminuído / Conceptual and operational definitions of defining characteristics of decreased cardiac output nursing diagnosis

Estudo de atualização por meio de revisão narrativa da literatura. Objetivo: elaborar as definições conceituais e operacionais das 38 características definidoras do diagnóstico de enfermagem Débito Cardíaco Diminuído, apresentadas pela NANDA-I 2009-2011. Preservando-se o foco de identificação destas características em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada. Método: realizada busca de material bibliográfico em livros de semiologia baseada em evidência e artigos na base de dados PUBMED e MEDLINE. Resultado: as definições elaboradas foram analisadas criticamente por três peritas em semiologia cardiovascular e, após avaliação e ajustes, consolidadas tal como apresentadas neste artigo. Conclusão: a relevância deste estudo consiste na incorporação de ferramentas concisas e efetivas acerca dos conceitos relacionados às características definidoras deste diagnóstico, determinando, com isso, a melhora na acurácia e favorecendo o processo de raciocínio clínico diagnóstico.

Update study through narrative review of the literature that aimed. Objective: to elaborate the conceptual and operation definitions of the 38 defining characteristics of nursing diagnoses decreased cardiac output, presented by the NANDA-I 2009-2011. Preserving the focus of identifying these characteristics in patients with acute decompensate heart failure. Method: was conduct a search of publications in books of semiotics based on evidence and articles in the database PubMed and MEDLINE. Results: the definitions developed were reviewed by three experts in cardiovascular semiology and, after evaluation and adjustments, consolidated as presented in this article.Conclusion: the relevance of this update consists in the incorporation of effective tools and concise about the concepts related to defining characteristics classified as not improved in accuracy and favoring the diagnosis of clinical reasoning.

Estudio de actualización a través de revisión narrativa de la literatura. Objetivo: elaborar las definiciones conceptuales y operacionales de las 38 características definidoras del diagnóstico de enfermería Gasto cardíaco Bajo presentados por NANDA-I 2009-2011.Preservar el enfoque de la identificación de estas características en los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada (ICAD). Método: realizó una búsqueda de las publicaciones en los libros de la semiótica basada en la evidencia y artículos en la base de datos PUBMED y MEDLINE. Resultado: las definiciones desarrolladas fueron revisadas por tres expertos en la sintomatología cardiovascular y después de la evaluación y ajustes, consolidada como se presenta en este artículo. Conclusión: la relevancia de este estudio consiste en la incorporación de herramientas eficaces y sencillas acerca de los conceptos relacionados con características definidoras de diagnóstico para determinar con ello la mejora en la precisión y favoreciendo el diagnóstico del razonamiento clínico.

[Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a questionnaire on what nurses know of heart failure]. / Adaptação transcultural e validação de um questionário de conhecimento sobre insuficiência cardíaca para enfermeiros.

This study aims to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and to verify the content validity and stability of Nurses' Knowledge of Heart Failure Education Principles to evaluate what Brazilian nurses know of heart failure. The process of cross-cultural adaptation involved translation, synthesis, back-translation, committee's proofreading and pre-test. The following psychometric properties were assessed content validity (face), reliability through internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha) and stability (Kappa coefficient). After the cross-cultural adaptation, the instrument was applied to 54 nurses (27 from a cardiology hospital and 27 from a general hospital). The Cronbach's Alpha was 0.7. The questions 4, 5, and 11 presented a Kappa coefficient less than or equal to 0.4, and further questions presented a Kappa coefficient superior or equal to 0.7. This questionnaire was validated and proved to be adequate to assess the knowledge of this group of professionals.

Adaptação transcultural e validação de um questionário de conhecimento sobre insuficiência cardíaca para enfermeiros / Adaptación transcultural y validad de un cuestionario de conocimiento sobre insuficiencia cardiaca para enfermeros / Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a questionnaire on what nurses know of heart failure

Estudo com objetivo de realizar a adaptação transcultural, assim como verificar a validade de conteúdo e a estabilidade do Nurses' Knowledge of Heart Failure Education Principles para avaliar o conhecimento de enfermeiros brasileiros sobre insuficiência cardíaca. O processo de adaptação transcultural constituiu-se da tradução, síntese, retrotradução, revisão por um comitê e pré-teste. Foram avaliadas as propriedades psicométricas: validade de conteúdo (face), fidedignidade por meio da consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach) e estabilidade (Coeficiente Kappa). Após adaptação transcultural, o instrumento foi aplicado a 54 enfermeiros (27 de um hospital especializado em cardiologia e 27 de hospital geral). O Alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,7. As questões de números 4, 5 e 11 apresentaram coeficiente Kappa inferior ou igual a 0,4, e as demais questões apresentaram Kappa superior ou igual a 0,7. Este questionário foi validado e mostrou-se adequado para avaliar o conhecimento desse grupo de profissionais.

Estudio que propone realizar la adaptación transcultural y comprobar la autoridad del contenido y la estabilidad del Nurses Knowledge of Heart Failure Education Principles para evaluar el conocimiento de enfermeros brasileños sobre insuficiencia cardíaca. El proceso de adaptación transcultural se constituye de traducción, síntesis, retrotraducción, revisión por un comité y pre test. Fueron evaluadas las propiedades psicométricas: validad de contenido (fase), confiabilidad a través de consistencia interna (Alfa de Cronbach) y estabilidad (Coeficiente Kappa). Tras la adaptación transcultural, el instrumento fue aplicado a 54 enfermeros, (27 de hospital especializado en cardiología y 27 de hospital general). Alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,7. Las cuestiones número 4,5 y 11 presentaron coeficiente Kappa inferior o igual a 0,4 – las demás cuestiones presentaron Kappa superior o igual a 0,7. Este cuestionario es válido y se mostró adecuado para evaluar el conocimiento de ese grupo de profesionales..

This study aims to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and to verify the content validity and stability of Nurses' Knowledge of Heart Failure Education Principles to evaluate what Brazilian nurses know of heart failure. The process of cross-cultural adaptation involved translation, synthesis, back-translation, committee's proofreading and pre-test. The following psychometric properties were assessed: content validity (face), reliability through internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha) and stability (Kappa coefficient). After the cross-cultural adaptation, the instrument was applied to 54 nurses (27 from a cardiology hospital and 27 from a general hospital). The Cronbach's Alpha was 0.7. The questions 4, 5, and 11 presented a Kappa coefficient less than or equal to 0.4, and further questions presented a Kappa coefficient superior or equal to 0.7. This questionnaire was validated and proved to be adequate to assess the knowledge of this group of professionals.